by Sarah Riley
Jonathan Allen has moved on as Her Majesty’s Ambassador to Bulgaria in January 2015 and Sarah Riley has stepped in as Chargé d’Affaires at British Embassy Sofia. This blog is written by guest blogger Sarah Riley.
A year ago, the Kremlin helped stage an illegal and illegitimate “referendum” in Crimea that culminated in Russia annexing Crimea from Ukraine, redrawing the map of Europe by force, and deepening the burgeoning crisis in east Ukraine.
Last week EU leaders reiterated their condemnation of Russia’s illegal annexation of Crimea; there has been similar condemnation from across the international community, including from UK Foreign Secretary Philip Hammond.
The so-called referendum, hastily prepared in just two weeks, was a mockery of democracy. There were no independent, international monitors. Instead elite Russian troops – the “little green men”, as locals labelled them – enforced President Putin’s will on the ground. We should not be under any illusions about the origin of these fighters. Their kit, their accents and their training all showed them to be Russian, even if their identifying insignia had been stripped.
In the run up to the so-called referendum, Ukrainian terrestrial television stations were shut off in Crimea and anyone who spoke out against Russia’s military occupation faced intimidation and threats. Since then, several have disappeared and others have been found dead, one showing signs of torture.
All of this was done under the false claim from the Russian leadership that the rights of Russian-speakers in Crimea were under threat from Kyiv. This cynical ploy bore no credence whatsoever.
In fact, just recently, Vladimir Putin admitted in an interview that he planned the annexation of Crimea weeks before the sham referendum took place. All the while, he was telling the international community that he was not considering the possibility of Crimea joining Russia and denying the presence of Russian troops.
We know that there was never any threat to Russian speakers in Crimea or any other part of Ukraine. Shortly before the annexation, the OSCE High Commissioner for National Minorities said there was “no evidence of any violence or threats”.
In reality, reports by the United Nations, the Office for the High Commissioner for Human Rights and the Council of Europe’s Commissioner for Human Rights have made clear that it was only after Russian occupation that human rights came under threat in Crimea. The effects have been especially felt by Crimea’s ethnic minorities such as the sizeable Crimean Tatar community.
It is vital that the significance of Crimea’s annexation is not downplayed. Russia’s aggressive actions there and in the Donbas are not only a threat to Ukraine but also to the rest of Europe.
By annexing Ukraine’s land, violating its territorial integrity, and destabilising east Ukraine with a steady supply of troops and weaponry Russia has challenged the 21st century democratic order and ripped up the international rulebook.
These actions are a flagrant violation of a number of Russia’s international commitments, including under the UN Charter, the OSCE Helsinki Final Act and the 1997 Partition Treaty on the Status and Conditions of the Black Sea Fleet with Ukraine. This is why Russia has been isolated in the Security Council and in the wider international community.
As a result, all EU member states must rise to the challenge that Russia’s actions pose to our shared values and our common security. No country, however large, can flout international norms and not face the consequences. We understand that some Member States, including Bulgaria, have strong, longstanding links with Russia for the obvious historical, geographical, and economic reasons and we do not propose that those states choose between Russia and the EU. But we must distinguish between democratic values and illegal actions.
We must not accept Russia’s illegal annexation of Crimea as a new reality. The facts remain that this was an illegal act, Crimea remains occupied and its most vulnerable citizens are bearing the brunt of Russia’s illiberal policies.
The sad reality is that if Russia had not occupied Crimea last year and forced its people to vote at the point of a gun, people in Crimea would today be going about their business peacefully, as for the last 23 years, without the intimidation, hardship and physical danger that comes with illegal Russian annexation.
There is a way out of this situation. Russia can still withdraw its troops from Crimea and eastern Ukraine, abide by its commitments under the Minsk agreements and let the Ukrainian people get on with running their own country.
But until this happens, we will not ignore what has taken place in Crimea. Our established position is firm – Crimea’s annexation is unacceptable, and we will continue to defend our values with sanctions that punish those responsible for taking Crimea from Ukraine.
This form of ‘land grab’ should be confined to the dustbin of history. Russian actions violate the treaties they themselves signed up to. That said, the governments of the Ukraine hold much of the responsibility regarding poor governance and nationally divisive policies that gave Putin the political space to act.
The EU is enacting sanctions, yet I note the massive increase of Gazprom activities here in Bulgaria. This is a Russian state controlled company whose corporate activities and structures are incompatible with EU Regulations yet they are not restricted, but encouraged to expand its operations. Energy and fuel can be a stronger weapon than soldiers and tanks.